Reuterin, Phenyllactic Acid, and Exopolysaccharides as Main Antifungal Molecules Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Scoping Review

The primary goal of this scoping review is to collect, analyze, and critically describe information
regarding the role of the main compounds (reuterin, phenyllactic acid, and exopolysaccharides)
produced by LAB that possess antifungal properties and provide some suggestions for further research.
The use of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to mitigate spoilage and extend the shelf life of foodstuffs
has a long history. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the unique properties of these
additions to the foodstuffs in which they are applied. In recent studies regarding biopreservation,
significant attention has been given to the role of these microorganisms and their metabolites. This
fascinating recent discipline aims not only to replace traditional preservation systems, but also to
improve the overall quality of the final product. The biologically active by-products produced by
lactic acid bacteria are synthesized under certain conditions (time, temperature, aerobiosis, acidity,
water activity, etc.), which can be enacted through one of the oldest approaches to food processing:
fermentation (commonly used in the dairy and bakery sectors). This study also delves into the
biosynthetic pathways through which they are synthesized, with a particular emphas