Nonhomogeneous results in place learning among panic disorder patients with agoraphobia

Patients affected by panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) often suffer from visuo-spatial disturbances. In
the present study, we tested the place-learning abilities in a sample of 31 PDA patients compared to 31
healthy controls (CTR) using the computer-generated arena (C-G Arena), a desktop-based computer
program developed at the University of Arizona (Jacobs et al 1997, for further detail about the program, see
http://web.arizona.edu/~arg/data.html). Subjects were asked to search the computer-generated space, over
several trials, for the location of a hidden target. Results showed that control subjects rapidly learned to
locate the invisible target and consistently returned to it, while PDA patients were divided in two subgroups:
some of them (PDA-A) were as good as controls in place learning, while some others (PDA-B) were unable to
learn the correct strategies to find the target. Further analyses revealed that PDA-A patients were
significantly younger and affected by panic disorder from less time than PDA-B, indicating that age and
duration of illness can be critical factors that influence the place-learning abilities. The existence of two
different subgroups of PDA patients who differ in their spatial orientation abilities could provide new insight
into the mechanisms of panic and open new perspectives in the cognitive behavioral treatment of this
diffuse and disabling disorder.